A Hidden Information Violation is best described as looking at or for information that is normally hidden in a game–in other words, “peeking.” Two examples given in the Infraction Procedure Guide are looking at the cards that a neighbor is choosing while drafting and looking at the cards in an opponent’s deck while shuffling. Intentionally revealing a card that you have chosen while drafting also falls under this infraction. However, there is an exception in these instances regarding double-faced cards from Innistrad.
It is important to note that simply seeing cards does not mean that this infraction is applied. Players only commit this offense when they intentionally peek. If a card is accidentally revealed (e.g., a card dropped while shuffling, a card knocked off the library when drawing), the proper infraction is Looking at Extra Cards (unless you drop a card from your own hand… even purposely revealing information that only you have access to is not usually an infraction).
The penalty for a Hidden Information Violation is a disqualification. In other words, don’t peek!